DVD/Blueray rip

Software

HandBrake (win, mac, linux)

https://handbrake.fr/
win, mac, linux
you can install libdvdcss separately for decryption

DVD Decrypter

For archive and 1:1 copies
https://www.videohelp.com/software/DVD-Decrypter

when you use DVD Decrypter it might mess up how your drive works even after closing the app so reboot is sometimes necessary after using it

MakeMKV

for decryption, works with blueray as well "free for now"
simple to use but not much options to use
win, mac, linux https://makemkv.com/

DVD Shrink

https://www.dvdshrink.org/
Legacy, can shrink the 8GB dvd to 4,7

WinCDEmu

virtual drive, useful for mounting images
https://wincdemu.sysprogs.org/download/

mkvtoolsnix

tools for modifying mkv, for example combining videos
https://mkvtoolnix.download/

avidemux

videotool for mkv and other stuff, legacy but might be useful for something
https://avidemux.sourceforge.net/

for osx better to install from brew

Subtitles

VSRip

DVD subtitle extractor to VobSub (idx/sub) file format
https://www.videohelp.com/software/VSRip will extract idx and sub files

SubExtractor

SubExtractor converts subtitles from DVDs and PGS (Bluray .sup) files into Advanced Substation Alpha (ASS) or SRT text format using a simple OCR.
https://www.videohelp.com/software/SubExtractor This is a bit of legacy software, not recommended

SubtitleEdit

probably the most useful subtitle editor has OCR features as well https://www.nikse.dk/subtitleedit](https://www.nikse.dk/subtitleedit)

mkvextract

https://www.videohelp.com/software/gMKVExtractGUI can extract data from mkv, for example if you used makemkv to rip dvd's you can use this to extract the subtitles

example flow
use makemkv to rip the dvd
mkvextract to get the subtitles
subtitle edit to convert the file with OCR